望洞庭湖赠张丞相
八月湖水平
涵虚混太清
气蒸云梦泽
波撼岳阳城
欲济无舟楫
端居耻圣明
坐观垂钓者
徒有羡鱼情
In August the lake is brimming with the tide,
Mingling its vastness with the sky so wide.
Its vapor steams o'er Cloud-Dream Marsh's bound;
Its waves shake Yueyang City's wall around.
I long to cross but find no boat or oar;
Shamed to live idle in this glorious reign more.
I sit and watch the anglers casting there,
And only envy their successful fare.
逐句注释
八月湖水平
点明时令为八月（农历），湖水上涨与岸齐平，为全诗铺垫开阔境界。'水平'二字简练，写出浩渺景象。
Sets the season (eighth lunar month) when the lake swells level with the banks, establishing the vast scene. 'Level water' evokes calm yet immense breadth.
涵虚混太清
'虚'指天空的倒影，'太清'即天空。湖水涵映天光，水天一色，用'混'字写湖水的浩渺与天相接的朦胧意境。
The lake's reflection merges with the sky ('void' and 'empyrean'), making water and heaven indistinguishable. 'Mix' conveys the boundless horizon where lake meets sky.
气蒸云梦泽
云梦泽古为湖北大泽，此处借指湖畔沼泽。水汽蒸腾，笼罩整个云梦泽，极言湖面广阔、水势丰沛。
Vapor rising from the lake seems to steam over the entire ancient Yunmeng marsh, exaggerating the lake's vastness and moisture.
波撼岳阳城
岳阳城临湖而立，波浪仿佛能撼动城郭。'撼'字化静为动，展现湖水的磅礴力量，是千古名句。
Waves appear to shake the very walls of Yueyang City. The verb 'shake' gives the lake dynamic power, a celebrated line for its vivid force.
欲济无舟楫
语含双关：字面想渡湖却无船桨，暗喻希望出仕而无人引荐。'济'既指渡水，亦指济世。
Literally wishing to cross but having no boat or oar, metaphorically implying a desire to serve in office without a patron. 'Cross' symbolizes both navigation and career advancement.
端居耻圣明
'端居'即闲居。身处圣明盛世却闲居无为，自觉惭愧，委婉表达求仕之心，也是自谦之词。
Sitting idle in a sage and enlightened reign brings shame—a modest way of expressing the poet's wish to be useful rather than remaining unemployed.
坐观垂钓者
看到湖边垂钓之人，暗喻当朝执政者（可能指张九龄）。'垂钓者'呼应上文的'舟楫'，典出姜太公钓于渭水。
Watching those who fish by the shore alludes to officials in power, echoing the 'oar' image and recalling the legend of Lü Shang fishing by the Wei River before encountering King Wen.
徒有羡鱼情
'羡鱼'典出《淮南子》：临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网。诗人只空有羡慕之情，感叹无人助己实现用世之志。
'Only envying the fish' alludes to Huainanzi: standing by a deep pool and envying fish is not as good as going home to weave a net. The poet laments his mere longing with no means to act.
今日赏析
此诗约作于唐玄宗开元二十一年（733年），孟浩然西游长安时写给丞相张九龄，希望得到引荐。全诗前半写洞庭湖壮景，后半抒情委婉表露入仕愿望，是干谒诗中的名篇。
Written around 733 (Kaiyuan 21) during Meng Haoran's visit to Chang'an, this poem was addressed to Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling, hoping for his recommendation. The first half describes the magnificent Dongting Lake; the second half tactfully conveys the poet's wish to serve, making it a celebrated example of a poem written to seek official patronage.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。