登岳阳楼
昔闻洞庭水
今上岳阳楼。
吴楚东南坼
乾坤日夜浮。
亲朋无一字
老病有孤舟。
戎马关山北
凭轩涕泗流。
Long have I heard of Dongting's vast expanse,
Now on Yueyang Tower I take my chance.
The south-east land splits at Wu and Chu's bound,
Sun and moon float on heaven and earth around.
No word from kin or friends has come to me;
Old and ill, in a lone boat I must be.
War-horses neigh north of the mountain pass;
Leaning on rails, tears stream down—alas!
逐句注释
昔闻洞庭水
「昔闻」二字引出回忆，以「洞庭水」点明地点，为下文登楼作铺垫。运用倒叙手法，表达长久以来的向往。
"Long have I heard" introduces recollection; "Dongting's water" sets the location, foreshadowing the ascent. Analeptic technique conveys long-held anticipation.
今上岳阳楼。
「今上」与「昔闻」形成时间对比，实现夙愿的这一刻带有沧桑感。直叙登楼，简洁有力。
"Now on Yueyang Tower" contrasts with "heard" across time, the fulfilled wish tinged with vicissitude. Direct statement, concise and forceful.
吴楚东南坼
「坼」字拟人化，写洞庭湖将吴、楚两地分裂开来，极言湖面之广阔。运用夸张与拟人，展现宏大意象。
The character "split" personifies the lake, describing Dongting as cleaving the lands of Wu and Chu, exaggerating its vastness. Hyperbole and personification create a grand image.
乾坤日夜浮。
「乾坤」指天地，日夜在水面上浮动，以天地衬托湖之浩渺。化用《水经注》典故，极具动态感。
"Heaven and earth" float day and night, using the cosmos to highlight the lake's immensity. Allusion to a classical text gives dynamic motion.
亲朋无一字
「无一字」道出音书断绝，孤苦无依。对比前四句的壮阔，转入个人哀愁，形成跌宕。
"No word" cuts off communication, expressing loneliness. Contrast with the grand scene shifts to personal sorrow, creating emotional undulation.
老病有孤舟。
「老病」与「孤舟」叠加，凸显漂泊晚景。孤舟既是实指，也象征生命最后的依托，凄凉之极。
"Old and ill" and "lone boat" together accentuate a drifting twilight. The boat is both literal and symbolic of final refuge, deeply desolate.
戎马关山北
「戎马」代指战事，关山北指北方边境未靖。由个人扩展至家国，体现杜甫一贯的忧国情怀。
"War-horses" synecdoche for conflict; "north of the mountain pass" indicates unsettled border. From personal to national, showing Du Fu's perennial patriotism.
凭轩涕泗流。
「凭轩」动作定格，「涕泗流」以涕泪纵横收尾，个人之悲与家国之痛交融，情感达到高潮。
"Leaning on rails" freezes the pose; "tears stream down" ends with unrestrained weeping, merging personal and national grief, climaxing emotion.
今日赏析
此诗作于唐代宗大历三年（768年）冬，杜甫时年五十七岁，漂泊于湖南一带。他登临岳阳楼，面对洞庭湖的壮丽景色，联想到自己晚年多病、漂泊无依的处境，以及北方战乱未息的国势，百感交集，遂写下这首千古名篇。诗中由景入情，将个人命运与国家兴衰紧密结合，体现了杜甫沉郁顿挫的诗歌风格。
This poem was written in the winter of 768 CE, during the reign of Emperor Daizong of Tang. Du Fu, then 57 years old, was wandering in the Hunan region. Ascending Yueyang Tower and facing the magnificent Dongting Lake, he was moved by his own plight—old, ill, and homeless—and by the ongoing wars in the north. Interweaving personal fate with national decline, the work exemplifies Du Fu's characteristic somber and profound style.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。