泊秦淮
烟笼寒水月笼沙
夜泊秦淮近酒家
商女不知亡国恨
隔江犹唱后庭花
Mist veils cold stream, and moonlight the sand bar.
I moor at Qinhuai River near wineshop at night.
The songstress knows not the grief of captive king.
Across the river she sings the song of Rear Court flowers.
逐句注释
烟笼寒水月笼沙
首句描写秦淮河夜色：烟雾笼罩着寒冷的河水，月光笼罩着河岸的沙滩。运用互文和叠词手法，“笼”字重复，渲染朦胧凄清的氛围。
The first line depicts the night scene of the Qinhuai River: mist envelops the cold water, moonlight envelops the sand. The repetition of 'veils' creates a hazy, desolate atmosphere, using intertextuality.
夜泊秦淮近酒家
叙事：夜晚将船停泊在秦淮河畔，靠近岸边的酒家。点明地点和时间，引出下文对酒家歌声的描写。
Narrative: mooring the boat at night by the Qinhuai River, close to a tavern. It sets the scene and leads to the song from the tavern.
商女不知亡国恨
议论：歌女不懂得亡国之恨。表面批评歌女，实则讽刺那些沉溺声色、不顾国家安危的权贵。
Commentary: the songstress is ignorant of the sorrow of a fallen kingdom. Ostensibly criticizing her, but actually satirizing the powerful who indulge in pleasure while neglecting state affairs.
隔江犹唱后庭花
结尾：隔着江水，她还在唱《玉树后庭花》这首亡国之音。用典（陈后主的故事），表达对晚唐时局的忧虑和讽刺。
Ending: across the river she still sings 'The Jade Tree Backyard Flowers,' a song of a perished kingdom. It alludes to the story of Emperor Chen Houzhu, expressing concern and satire over the late Tang political situation.
今日赏析
此诗是杜牧夜泊秦淮时所作。秦淮河是六朝古都金陵的繁华之地，也是歌舞升平的象征。诗人借古讽今，通过描写声色歌舞与亡国之音的对比，揭露晚唐统治者的腐朽和国运的衰微，表达了深沉的忧国之情。
This poem was written by Du Mu when he moored at the Qinhuai River at night. The Qinhuai River was a prosperous area of Jinling (Nanjing), a historic capital of the Six Dynasties, and a symbol of entertainment and luxury. Through the contrast between the revelry and the song of a fallen kingdom, the poet laments the decadence of the late Tang court and the decline of the nation, expressing profound patriotic concern.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。