赤壁
折戟沉沙铁未销
自将磨洗认前朝
东风不与周郎便
铜雀春深锁二乔
A broken halberd half-buried in the sand
I find, and after wash and grind, I know the land.
If the east wind had not given Zhou Yu a hand,
The Two Qiaos would have been locked in bronze tower grand.
逐句注释
折戟沉沙铁未销
一支折断的戟沉埋在沙中，铁还没有完全锈蚀。借物起兴，引出对历史的追忆。
A broken halberd lies buried in the sand, its iron not yet fully rusted. The poet uses this physical object to evoke memories of the past.
自将磨洗认前朝
我将它磨洗之后，认出是前朝（赤壁之战时）的遗物。动作描写，表现诗人对历史的考究。
After grinding and washing, I recognize it as a relic from the former dynasty (the Battle of Red Cliffs). This action shows the poet's historical inquiry.
东风不与周郎便
假如东风不给周瑜（周郎）以方便（指火烧赤壁借东风）。假设语气，点出历史转折的关键因素。
If the east wind had not given Zhou Yu (the young commander) convenience (referring to the fire attack using the wind), a hypothetical that highlights the key factor in the historical turning point.
铜雀春深锁二乔
那么大乔和小乔就会深锁在铜雀台春色之中（被曹操占有）。铜雀台是曹操的楼台，二乔是东吴美女，此处借代东吴的败亡。
Then the Two Qiaos (famous beauties of Wu) would have been locked deep in spring in the Bronze Sparrow Tower (Cao Cao's palace), symbolizing the fall of Wu.
今日赏析
这首诗是杜牧经过赤壁（今湖北赤壁市）时，有感于三国时期赤壁之战而作。诗人从江边沙中发现前朝兵器，引发对历史兴亡的感慨，并以假设的方式重新审视这场决定三国格局的关键战役。
This poem was written when Du Mu passed by the Red Cliffs (in present-day Chibi, Hubei), inspired by the Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Noticing a weapon from that era buried in the sand, the poet muses on the rise and fall of history, and re-evaluates the decisive battle with a hypothetical twist.
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