月夜
今夜鄜州月
闺中只独看
遥怜小儿女
未解忆长安
香雾云鬟湿
清辉玉臂寒
何时倚虚幌
双照泪痕干
Tonight in Fuzhou, the moon is bright,
In her chamber alone she gazes at its light.
Afar I pity our little children dear,
Who do not know to remember Chang'an here.
Fragrant mist has dampened her cloud-like hair,
The clear moonlight chills her jade-white arm bare.
Oh when can we lean by the curtain fold,
And the moon dries our tears as in days of old?
逐句注释
今夜鄜州月
首联起笔即从对方写来。诗人在长安望月，却展开想象的翅膀，直写鄜州之月。运用‘对面落笔’的手法，把个人的思念投射到妻子身上，为全诗奠定了深挚的情感基调。
The opening line begins from the other side. Although the poet is in Chang'an gazing at the moon, he immediately imagines the moon in Fuzhou. This 'reverse perspective' projects his longing onto his wife and sets the poem's deeply affectionate tone.
闺中只独看
‘只’与‘独’两次强调孤单。妻子一人在闺中望月，身边虽有儿女，但他们年幼无知，心中万千思绪只能独自承载。
The words 'only' and 'alone' doubly stress solitude. Though the children are by her side, they are too young to understand, so she bears her thoughts and grief entirely by herself.
遥怜小儿女
‘遥怜’二字，既写出距离之远，又写出怜惜之深。诗人不写想念妻子，而先写怜爱儿女，曲折有情。
'Afar I pity' conveys both the physical distance and the depth of tender concern. Instead of declaring his longing for his wife, he first expresses pity for the children, a roundabout yet touching approach.
未解忆长安
儿女年幼，还不懂得怀念长安。反衬妻子独自思念之深，也暗示长安陷落、家人离散的时代背景。
The children are too young to remember Chang'an. This ignorance contrasts sharply with the wife's deep longing and indirectly reveals the background of the fallen capital and the family's separation.
香雾云鬟湿
夜深露浓，云雾沾湿了妻子发髻。‘香雾’暗示发髻之美，‘湿’则写出她在月下伫立良久。
The fragrant mist dampens her cloud-like coiffure. The 'fragrant mist' suggests her beauty, while 'dampened' implies she has stood long in the night air, lost in thought.
清辉玉臂寒
月光清冷，玉臂生寒。从肤色与月光交映的角度写妻子的孤寂与凄冷，细腻而含蓄。
The clear moonlight makes her jade-like arms feel cold. By pairing 'jade arms' with 'cold,' the line depicts her loneliness and chill in a subtle, refined manner.
何时倚虚幌
虚幌指轻薄透光的窗帘。诗人盼望有朝一日能与妻子一同倚窗望月，由分离之苦转写团圆之愿。
The 'sheer curtain' is a light translucent window curtain. The poet longs for the day when husband and wife can lean by the window together, shifting from the pain of separation to the hope of reunion.
双照泪痕干
想象重逢时，月光照着两个人的面容，昔日泪痕已干。虽以美好愿望作结，却更衬托出当下的孤独和悲凉。
He imagines the moonlight shining on both faces when they finally meet, their past tears dried. This hopeful ending only deepens the present solitude and sorrow through contrast.
今日赏析
此诗作于安史之乱期间。天宝十五载（756年）六月，安禄山攻陷长安，杜甫在流亡中陷身于长安。其妻儿当时居住在鄜州（今陕西富县）。诗人在长安的月夜，遥想妻子独自望月、儿女不解忆念的情景，表达对战乱中亲人的深切思念与对团聚的渴望。
This poem was written during the An Lushan Rebellion. In the summer of 756, Chang'an fell to the rebel forces, and Du Fu was trapped in the captured capital. His wife and children were then living in Fuzhou (present-day Fu County, Shaanxi). On a moonlit night in Chang'an, he imagined his wife looking at the moon alone and their children not yet understanding homesickness, conveying his deep longing for family and hope for reunion amid the chaos of war.
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