送别

下马饮君酒，

“饮君酒”意为请君饮酒、与君共饮，“饮”在此带有使动意味。开篇以动作入诗，不写长亭折柳，而写下马置酒，显出送别的质朴深情与随意真切。

The phrase means to offer wine to the friend or drink together; the verb carries a causative nuance. The poem opens with an action rather than conventional farewell imagery, making the parting intimate and unpretentious.

问君何所之？

“何所之”即“所之何”，疑问代词前置，意为你要到哪里去。“之”作动词，意为往、去。此句以直接问询承接前句，表现诗人对友人去向的关切，也引出下文问答。

The phrase is an inverted way of asking where the friend is going; the interrogative is fronted for emphasis, and the final character functions as the verb to go. The direct question shows caring concern and sets up the dialogue that follows.

君言不得意，

“不得意”指仕途或人生抱负不能称心实现。友人回答简短而沉郁，透露出失意之感。此句由问转答，以平直语言写深沉情绪，有含蓄不尽之妙。

The phrase means that worldly ambitions or official hopes have not been realized. The friend's brief, subdued reply reveals disappointment. The line turns from question to answer and uses plain language to convey deep feeling with restraint.

归卧南山陲。

“归卧”有归隐、闲居之意；“南山”常指终南山一类隐逸之地，也暗含高洁、避世的文化联想；“陲”指山脚、边缘。此句写友人因失意而选择归隐，既是实写去向，也寄托超脱尘俗的志趣。

To return and lie down suggests withdrawal into reclusion; South Mountain carries associations with hermits and moral purity; the last word means the mountain's edge or foot. The friend chooses seclusion after failure, so the line is both literal destination and symbolic retreat from the world.

但去莫复问，

“但”意为只管、就；“莫复问”意为不要再追问。诗人不再追问友人失意的细节，既是对友人选择的尊重，也是以劝慰收束问答，使情绪由沉郁转向旷达。

The first word means just or simply; the rest means do not ask again. The speaker stops probing the friend's disappointment, showing respect for his choice and turning the poem from melancholy dialogue toward a more open, philosophical consolation.

白云无尽时。

以“白云”作结，是王维常用的自然意象，象征自由、隐逸、悠远与无穷。白云无尽，与人生得失有限形成对照，既安慰友人，也把离别之情化为悠然远意，收到“以景结情”的效果。

The closing image of white clouds is a favorite Wang Wei symbol for freedom, reclusion, distance, and infinitude. Endless clouds contrast with the limits of human success and failure, comforting the friend and transforming parting sorrow into serene, open-ended contemplation.