商山早行
晨起动征铎，
客行悲故乡。
鸡声茅店月，
人迹板桥霜。
槲叶落山路，
枳花明驿墙。
因思杜陵梦，
凫雁满回塘。
At dawn I rise, the post-bells chime;
A traveler grieves for home each time.
The moon o'er thatched inn, cocks crow;
On frosty plank bridge, footprints show.
Oak leaves fall down the mountain way;
Orange blooms the post-house wall make gay.
I dream of Duling, far away;
Wild ducks and geese fill pools at play.
逐句注释
晨起动征铎，
晨起动征铎：清晨启程，车马上的征铎响起。征铎，远行车马所悬的铃铛。以听觉意象开篇，点明“早行”，营造旅人天色未明即上路的劳顿氛围。
At dawn I rise, the post-bells chime: '征铎' are bells hung on horses or carriages for long journeys. The auditory image opens the poem, marking an early departure and the traveler's weariness before daybreak.
客行悲故乡。
客行悲故乡：客游他乡，因思念故乡而悲伤。直抒胸臆，奠定全诗羁旅愁思的基调，与首句叙事相承。
A traveler grieves for home each time: a direct expression of emotion, establishing the poem's central theme of homesickness and the sorrow of wandering.
鸡声茅店月，
鸡声茅店月：鸡鸣声、茅草旅店、天边残月。三个名词性意象并置，不用动词，白描出清冷寂静的早行图；视听结合，为全诗名句之一。
The moon o'er thatched inn, cocks crow: cockcrow, thatched inn, and setting moon are juxtaposed without a verb. This nominal imagery creates a crisp, quiet early-morning scene and is one of the poem's most famous lines.
人迹板桥霜。
人迹板桥霜：板桥上的白霜已印有行人足迹。继续以名词并置，暗示有人更早出行，突出“早行”之苦与旅途艰辛；与上句构成工整对仗。
On frosty plank bridge, footprints show: footprints already marked on the frosty bridge imply that others set out even earlier. The parallel with the previous line stresses the hardship of early travel.
槲叶落山路，
槲叶落山路：槲树的落叶铺满山路。槲叶，槲树之叶，落叶乔木。写山路萧瑟，动中见静，点明行程所经之地与季节氛围。
Oak leaves fall down the mountain way: fallen oak leaves cover the mountain road. The visual image conveys desolation and the season, adding motion within the stillness of the journey.
枳花明驿墙。
枳花明驿墙：枳树的白花映亮了驿站墙。枳花，枳树花，色白。“明”为形容词使动用法，使……明亮；冷寂中添一抹亮色，与上句枯叶形成对照。
Orange blooms the post-house wall make gay: '枳花' are white blossoms of the trifoliate orange. '明' is used causatively, meaning 'to brighten.' A touch of color contrasts with the fallen leaves, enlivening the cold journey.
因思杜陵梦，
因思杜陵梦：于是想起杜陵的梦境。杜陵在长安附近，代指诗人家园或故都旧居。由眼前早行实景转入思乡之梦，虚实相生，深化乡愁。
I dream of Duling, far away: Duling, near Chang'an, stands for the poet's home or old capital residence. The poem turns from external travel scenes to an inner dream, blending reality and illusion and deepening homesickness.
凫雁满回塘。
凫雁满回塘：野鸭与大雁布满曲折的池塘。凫，野鸭；雁，大雁；回塘，曲折回环的池塘。以梦中的故乡热闹景象反衬客行孤寂，以景结情，余韵悠长。
Wild ducks and geese fill pools at play: '凫' are wild ducks, '雁' wild geese, and '回塘' a winding pond. The lively imagined home scene contrasts with the traveler's solitude; ending with an image leaves lingering emotion.
今日赏析
温庭筠一生仕途失意，长期漂泊。此诗大约作于唐宣宗大中年间，诗人离长安途经商山（今陕西商州东南）时。诗写清晨上路所见所感，表现羁旅愁思与思乡之情。颔联“鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜”全用名词组合，不用动词，是唐诗中著名的早行图，欧阳修《六一诗话》曾称赏其写道路辛苦、羁旅愁思见于言外。
Wen Tingyun's official career was unsuccessful, and he spent much time wandering. This poem was likely written during the Dazhong reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, when the poet left Chang'an and passed through Mount Shang (southeast of present-day Shangzhou, Shaanxi). It records what he saw and felt on an early journey, expressing the sorrow of travel and longing for home. The second couplet, '鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜,' composed entirely of noun images without verbs, is celebrated as a famous picture of early travel; Ouyang Xiu praised it for conveying the hardship of the road and the traveler's grief beyond the words.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。