子夜吴歌·秋歌
长安一片月，
万户捣衣声。
秋风吹不尽，
总是玉关情。
何日平胡虏，
良人罢远征。
Over Chang'an a sheet of moonlight lies;
Ten thousand homes pound clothes beneath the skies.
The autumn wind blows on and cannot blow away
This constant longing for Yumen far away.
O when shall we subdue the foemen's might,
That my good man may cease from distant fight?
逐句注释
长安一片月，
开篇写景，以月色笼罩长安，营造寂静辽远的秋夜氛围。“一片月”不是数量词，而写月光弥漫、无所不在；“长安”点明都城，也暗示城中众多征戍之家。
The poem opens with scenery: moonlight spreads over Chang'an, creating a quiet, vast autumn-night atmosphere. 'A sheet of moon' is not a mere counting phrase but suggests pervasive moonlight; 'Chang'an' names the capital and hints at the many households affected by frontier garrison service.
万户捣衣声，
由视觉转为听觉。捣衣是唐代妇女为远征亲人捣制寒衣的劳作；“万户”以夸张写征戍家庭之普遍，声音此起彼伏，透出集体性的思念与愁苦。
The focus shifts from sight to sound. Pounding cloth was women's work to prepare winter garments for men on distant campaigns. 'Ten thousand homes' uses hyperbole to show how common garrison service was; the overlapping sounds convey a collective mood of longing and sorrow.
秋风吹不尽，
秋风既写实景，又象征愁思与思念。用“吹不尽”把无形的捣衣声与绵延的怀人之情具象化，表现愁绪无法被风吹散。
The autumn wind is both literal and symbolic of sorrow and longing. 'Cannot blow away' gives concrete form to the endless pounding sound and the lingering thoughts of loved ones, showing that grief cannot be dispersed by the wind.
总是玉关情。
玉关即玉门关，代指边塞和征人所在之地。“情”指思妇对远征丈夫的思念。“总是”强调这种感情挥之不去，无论风声如何，最终都归结为对边关亲人的牵挂。
Yuguan, the Jade Pass, stands by metonymy for the frontier and the soldiers stationed there. 'Qing' means the wives' longing for their far-off husbands. 'Always' stresses that this feeling cannot be dismissed: whatever the wind brings, it ends in concern for loved ones at the frontier.
何日平胡虏，
直接发问，表达对结束战争的渴望。“胡虏”是古代对北方游牧民族敌人的泛称，此处指边境战事中的敌方。问句将个人思念上升为对和平的普遍祈愿。
A direct question expresses the longing for war to end. 'Hu captives' was a general term for northern nomadic enemies; here it refers to the foe in frontier conflicts. The question elevates personal longing into a universal prayer for peace.
良人罢远征。
良人指丈夫；罢即停止；远征指远行征战。此句点明全诗主旨：盼望战事平息，丈夫不再远征，夫妻得以团聚。以愿望收束，余味悠长。
'Liangren' means husband; 'ba' means to stop; 'yuanzheng' means a distant campaign. This line states the poem's central wish: that the fighting cease, the husband no longer go on campaign, and the couple be reunited. It closes on a wish, leaving a lingering resonance.
今日赏析
此诗是李白沿用乐府旧题《子夜四时歌》所作四首中的秋歌。盛唐时期边境战事频繁，大量男子戍守边塞，家中妇女秋夜捣衣、赶制寒衣寄远，成为普遍的社会景象。诗人借长安月夜万户捣衣之声，写思妇对征夫的深切思念，并发出“何日平胡虏，良人罢远征”的呼声，表达普通百姓对和平与团聚的渴望。具体创作年代不详，大约作于唐玄宗天宝年间。
This is the Autumn Song among Li Bai's four seasonal poems written to the old Yuefu title 'Ziye Si Shi Ge' (Songs of the Four Seasons). In the High Tang, frontier wars were frequent, and many men served in distant garrisons. It was a common social scene for women at home to pound cloth on autumn nights and hurry to make winter clothes to send to the frontier. Using the sound of cloth-pounding from ten thousand homes under the Chang'an moon, the poet writes of wives' deep longing for their campaigning husbands and cries out, 'When shall we subdue the foe, that my good man may cease from distant fight?' expressing ordinary people's desire for peace and reunion. The exact date is unknown; it was probably written during Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao era.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。