天末怀李白
凉风起天末，
君子意如何。
鸿雁几时到，
江湖秋水多。
文章憎命达，
魑魅喜人过。
应共冤魂语，
投诗赠汨罗。
Cold winds rise at the far edge of heaven;
How fares my noble friend, exiled and driven?
When will the wild geese bring me word from you?
On lakes and rivers autumn floods swell too.
Great writing seems to hate a prosperous fate;
Demons delight when good men err or wait.
You should speak with the wronged soul's lingering shade,
And cast your poems to Miluo's mournful wave.
逐句注释
凉风起天末，
天末：天边，指极远之地，杜甫当时所在秦州。凉风：秋风。起句以秋风萧瑟起兴，营造苍凉氛围，并设问远方的李白心境如何，寄寓深切关怀。
Tianmo means the far edge of heaven, referring to Qinzhou where Du Fu then lived. The autumn wind rising creates a desolate mood and leads into a question about Li Bai's state of mind, expressing deep concern.
君子意如何。
君子：对李白的尊称。意如何：心境怎样。以直接问句承接秋风，表现杜甫对李白处境的挂念与不安。
Junzi is an honorific for Li Bai. 'How fares your mind?' The direct question follows the autumn wind and reveals Du Fu's anxiety about Li Bai's circumstances.
鸿雁几时到，
鸿雁：候鸟，古有雁足传书之说，借指书信或信使。几时到：何时才能送到。表达音讯难通的盼望与焦虑。
Hongyan, the wild goose, traditionally carried letters in legend; here it stands for news or a messenger. 'When will it arrive?' expresses hope and anxiety over the difficulty of communication.
江湖秋水多。
江湖：江河湖海，指李白漂泊或流放所经之地。秋水多：秋日水位上涨，暗喻路途险恶、世路风波。以自然景象写牵挂。
Jianghu means rivers and lakes, the regions through which Li Bai wandered or was exiled. Autumn floods suggest dangerous roads and troubled times; the natural image conveys worry.
文章憎命达，
文章：文才、诗文。憎命达：好像憎恨命运显达，意谓文才卓绝者往往命运坎坷。议论精警，概括文人多难的感慨。
Wenzhang means literary talent or writing. 'Hates a prosperous fate' suggests that outstanding writers often suffer adversity; the striking comment laments the hard lot of men of letters.
魑魅喜人过。
魑魅：山精水怪，喻奸邪小人。喜人过：喜欢人有过失或经过，借指小人幸灾乐祸、乘隙害人。与上句对偶，抒发愤慨。
Chimei are mountain and water demons, symbolizing malicious petty men. They delight in human faults or in a good man's passing, implying schadenfreude and persecution. The parallel line voices indignation.
应共冤魂语，
冤魂：含冤而死之魂，此指屈原。语：交谈。诗人想象李白会与屈原的冤魂共语，以古人之冤映照今人之冤。
Yuanhun means a wronged soul, here Qu Yuan. 'Speak with' imagines Li Bai conversing with Qu Yuan's ghost, mirroring ancient injustice in present suffering.
投诗赠汨罗。
投诗：把诗投入江中，古人祭江或以诗寄意的一种想象。汨罗：汨罗江，屈原自沉处。用典收束，将李白与屈原并置，寄以悲愤与敬意。
Tou shi means casting poems into the river, an imagined act of mourning or dedication. Miluo is the river where Qu Yuan drowned himself. The allusion closes the poem by linking Li Bai with Qu Yuan in grief and respect.
今日赏析
此诗约作于乾元二年（759）秋，杜甫流寓秦州（今甘肃天水）时。李白因永王李璘事件被流放夜郎，杜甫不知其途中遇赦，先后写下多首怀念李白的诗。天末指边远之地，诗人面对秋风，遥念故人，既挂念其安危，又为其才高命蹇鸣不平，并借屈原典故寄托深沉悲愤。
This poem was probably written in autumn 759, when Du Fu was sojourning in Qinzhou (present-day Tianshui, Gansu). Li Bai had been exiled to Yelang because of the Prince Yong affair; Du Fu, not yet knowing of his pardon, wrote several poems longing for him. Facing the autumn wind at the far frontier, the poet thinks of his old friend, worries for his safety, protests against the injustice suffered by a brilliant writer, and alludes to Qu Yuan to deepen the grief and indignation.
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