酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠
巴山楚水凄凉地
二十三年弃置身
怀旧空吟闻笛赋
到乡翻似烂柯人
沉舟侧畔千帆过
病树前头万木春
今日听君歌一曲
暂凭杯酒长精神
These Ba hills and Chu streams, so desolate and cold,
For twenty-three years I've been banished here to grow old.
Among old friends, vainly I play the flute's lament,
Returning, I'm like the man whose ax handle was spent.
By the sunken boat, a thousand sails sweep by,
Before the withered tree, ten thousand trees in spring vie.
Today I've heard you chant a song of grace,
Let us raise a cup to put new spirit in its place.
逐句注释
巴山楚水凄凉地
巴山楚水泛指今四川、湖南一带，是作者长期贬谪之地。凄凉地，指荒凉偏远的所在，烘托出世事蹉跎的悲凉心境。
The Ba mountains and Chu rivers refer to the remote regions of Sichuan and Hunan where the poet was exiled. The desolate setting underscores his melancholy over wasted years.
二十三年弃置身
作者从唐顺宗永贞元年（805年）被贬，到唐敬宗宝历二年（826年）回京，前后约二十三年。弃置，即被朝廷抛弃、不予重用。
Liu Yuxi was banished from 805 to 826, roughly twenty-three years. 'Abandoned' reflects his feeling of being cast aside by the court and left unused.
怀旧空吟闻笛赋
用西晋向秀闻笛作《思旧赋》的典故，悼念因永贞革新而被贬身死的友人。空吟，只能徒然地吟诵，表达悲痛却无济于事。
This alludes to Xiang Xiu who, hearing a flute, wrote a lament for his friend. The poet vainly recites such a dirge, mourning deceased friends to no avail.
到乡翻似烂柯人
用王质砍柴遇仙、归乡时斧柄已烂的典故，写自己被贬二十多年后归来，恍如隔世，人事全非。翻似，反而像。
This alludes to Wang Zhi, who returned from a mountain to find his ax handle rotted away after only a short time among immortals. The poet returns to find the world utterly changed.
沉舟侧畔千帆过
沉舟、病树是作者自喻，慨叹自己长期遭贬、仕途坎坷，但千帆竞发，显示出世事仍在前行。此句蕴含新生事物必将代替旧事物的哲理。
The sunken boat and sick tree symbolize the poet's own setbacks, yet a thousand sails pass by, suggesting the world moves on. It expresses the philosophy that new things inevitably replace old ones.
病树前头万木春
与上句对偶工整，病树前头万木争春，既是对自己无奈的自嘲，也暗含对未来的希望和豁达的胸襟。
This couplet with the previous line is perfectly balanced. Although the poet is a 'sick tree', countless trees bloom ahead, conveying self-deprecation yet also resilient optimism.
今日听君歌一曲
君指白居易。在扬州相逢的宴席上，白居易赋诗相赠，作者感念友人的深情关怀。
'You' refers to Bai Juyi, who composed a poem for Liu Yuxi at their reunion banquet in Yangzhou. This line acknowledges the gift of a song from his friend.
暂凭杯酒长精神
暂借一杯美酒来振奋精神，表示感谢友人的劝慰，并表达重新振作、积极向前的决心。
The poet temporarily takes wine to invigorate his spirit, expressing gratitude for his friend's consolation and resolving to rise anew with renewed energy.
今日赏析
唐敬宗宝历二年（826年）冬，刘禹锡罢和州刺史，返回洛阳途中经过扬州，遇到白居易。白居易在宴席上写下《醉赠刘二十八使君》，叹息刘禹锡的不幸命运。刘禹锡便以此诗回赠，回顾了自己二十三年的贬谪生涯，也表达了对友人情谊的感激和豁达乐观的人生态度。
In the winter of the second year of the Baoli era (826), Liu Yuxi, relieved of his post as governor of Hezhou, met Bai Juyi at Yangzhou on his way back to Luoyang. Bai Juyi composed a poem at the banquet lamenting his friend's fate. Liu Yuxi replied with this poem, recalling his twenty-three years in exile while expressing gratitude to his friend and an optimistic, open-hearted view of life.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。