左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘
一封朝奏九重天
夕贬潮州路八千
欲为圣明除弊事
肯将衰朽惜残年
云横秦岭家何在
雪拥蓝关马不前
知汝远来应有意
好收吾骨瘴江边
At dawn I sent my memorial to Heaven's door;
At dusk to Chaozhou exiled, eight thousand li or more.
To serve my sage sovereign, I'd sweep corruption away—
How could I, failing, cherish old age? Nay.
Clouds lie across Qinling: where is my home so dear?
Snow blocks the Blue Pass, the horse stands still in fear.
I know that you have come this distance with intent:
To pick my bones by the miasmic stream when life is spent.
逐句注释
一封朝奏九重天
“九重天”代指皇宫，极言其深远。首句写早晨呈上奏章，暗含得罪君王的开端。
“Nine-layered heaven” is a metonymy for the imperial palace, emphasizing its remoteness. The line recounts submitting a memorial in the morning, marking the start of his clash with the throne.
夕贬潮州路八千
“朝”“夕”对比，凸显贬谪之迅速；“路八千”夸张，极言潮州遥远，抒写获罪之重、遭贬之快。
The contrast between “dawn” and “dusk” underscores the speed of his demotion; “eight thousand li” is a hyperbole stressing the great distance to Chaozhou, showing the severity of his punishment.
欲为圣明除弊事
自述初衷是为朝廷兴利除弊，并非为一己私利，语气坦直，有忠而获罪的悲愤。
Han Yu declares that his intention was only to remove harmful practices for the wise court, not for personal gain. The tone is straightforward, expressing the grief and indignation of loyalty punished as crime.
肯将衰朽惜残年
反问句式，表明即使年老体衰也不顾惜残余生命，甘愿为国事冒险，体现其刚直不阿。
The rhetorical question shows that, despite old age and frailty, he would not spare his remaining years. It reveals his upright and unyielding character.
云横秦岭家何在
借景抒情，“云横秦岭”写云雾阻隔，望不见长安与家乡，暗含对朝廷的眷恋与去国怀乡之痛。
This line expresses feeling through scenery: clouds shrouding the Qin Mountains block his view of home and the capital, implicit with longing for the court and sorrow at leaving his homeland.
雪拥蓝关马不前
路途被大雪阻断，马亦踟蹰不前。马之“不前”实写行程艰难，暗示诗人对未来迷惘、悲愤无奈的心境。
Snow blocks the way and the horse hesitates. The horse's refusal to advance not only depicts the harsh journey but also mirrors the poet's own bewilderment, grief, and helplessness.
知汝远来应有意
对侄孙韩湘远道赶来相送表示理解与感动，为末句嘱托作铺垫。
Han Yu is moved that his grand-nephew Han Xiang has come so far to see him off. This line sets up the final entreaty.
好收吾骨瘴江边
“瘴江”指潮州一带弥漫瘴气的江水。诗人预料自己将死于南方，嘱托侄孙收骨，语极沉痛，流露出衰暮之怨与身世之悲。
“Miasmic river” evokes the unhealthy southern lands around Chaozhou. Anticipating his own death there, Han Yu asks his grand-nephew to gather his remains. The line is deeply mournful, conveying bitter resignation and existential sorrow.
今日赏析
此诗作于唐宪宗元和十四年（819年）。韩愈因上《谏迎佛骨表》劝阻皇帝迎佛骨入宫，触怒宪宗，被贬为潮州刺史。赴任途中行至蓝田关（蓝关），侄孙韩湘赶来送行。韩愈感慨身世，在风雪中写下这首诗，表达忠而获罪的悲愤与誓死无悔的忠贞。
This poem was written in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (819 AD) in the Tang dynasty. Han Yu angered Emperor Xianzong by submitting a memorial advising against the imperial reception of a relic of the Buddha, and was banished to serve as prefect of Chaozhou. On the way to his post, at Lantian Pass (Blue Pass), his grand-nephew Han Xiang came to see him off. Facing wind and snow, Han Yu composed this poem, expressing both his grief and indignation at being punished for loyalty, and his unyielding devotion to his principles.
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