秋思
洛阳城里见秋风，
欲作家书意万重。
复恐匆匆说不尽，
行人临发又开封。
In Luoyang town the autumn wind blows cold;
I'd write home — yet ten thousand thoughts I hold.
I fear in haste my words won't all come through;
As he departs, I open it anew.
逐句注释
洛阳城里见秋风，
起句点明时间、地点与节候。秋风本无形无色，诗人用一“见”字，化无形为可感，使萧瑟秋意扑面而来，暗含羁旅漂泊之苦。此处亦暗用《晋书·张翰传》“因见秋风起，乃思吴中菰菜、莼羹、鲈鱼脍”之典：张翰见秋风而思乡弃官，张籍见秋风而思家，古今同慨。“洛阳”点出游子客居之地，与下文“家书”遥相呼应。
The opening fixes the season, place and mood. Autumn wind has no shape or color, yet the poet 'sees' it — turning the intangible into something felt, so that the bleakness of autumn strikes the reader at once and subtly conveys the bitterness of life away from home. It also alludes to the Jin-dynasty story of Zhang Han, who, on feeling the autumn wind, longed for the delicacies of his native Wu and resigned office to go home. 'Luoyang' marks the place of wandering, echoing the 'letter home' that follows.
欲作家书意万重。
承上写思乡之情。一个“欲”字，写尽提笔前的踌躇与情思的奔涌；“意万重”以夸张手法极言心头思绪纷繁叠沓、千头万绪，不知从何说起。万千情意与一纸短笺形成强烈反差，为后文“说不尽”埋下伏笔。
The second line unfolds the homesickness. The word 'wish' captures the hesitation before taking up the brush and the surging of feeling; 'ten thousand layers of thought' uses hyperbole to convey how tangled and countless his emotions are, so that he hardly knows where to begin. The contrast between inexhaustible feeling and one thin sheet of paper sets up the 'cannot say it all' that follows.
复恐匆匆说不尽，
转写心理活动。“复恐”二字层层翻进，写游子写信时反复掂量、患得患失的心态；“匆匆”既指信使行色匆忙、不能久待，也指自己落笔仓促、恐有疏漏。短短七字，把一颗惴惴不安的游子之心刻画得细致入微。
The third line turns inward to psychology. 'Again I fear' deepens the thought layer by layer, showing a traveler who weighs and reweighs every word, dreading omission; 'in haste' refers both to the courier, who cannot wait long, and to the writer himself, who fears his brush has moved too quickly and left something out. In seven characters, a whole anxious heart is drawn with fine precision.
行人临发又开封。
结句以动作细节收束全篇，是全诗的“诗眼”。信已封好，行人将行，却又重新拆开——这一“又开封”的细微动作，胜过千言万语，把游子对家书的珍重、对亲人的牵挂、对“说不尽”的不甘，尽数托出。以形写神，含蓄隽永，余味无穷，正所谓“看似寻常最奇崛”。
The closing line ends the poem with a single gesture: the letter is already sealed and the messenger is about to set off, yet the poet opens it once more. That small action says more than any words could — it lays bare his cherishing of the letter, his longing for his family, and his refusal to accept that he has 'said it all.' Depicting the inner spirit through outward action, the ending is restrained yet inexhaustible in aftertaste — 'what seems most ordinary is in truth most extraordinary.'
今日赏析
张籍（约766—约830），字文昌，中唐著名诗人，祖籍吴郡，生于和州乌江（今安徽和县），与王建并称“张王乐府”，曾任水部员外郎、国子司业，世称“张水部”“张司业”。此诗当为其客居洛阳时所作。秋日风起，木叶萧疏，孤身作客的诗人提笔欲写家书，千言万语无从落笔；信使临行之际，又拆开重看，唯恐漏掉一句半句。全诗不着一“愁”字“思”字，只截取“见秋风—欲作书—恐不尽—又开封”这一连串心理与动作的片段，便写尽了游子思乡的至深之情。宋代王安石《题张司业诗》评其诗云：“看似寻常最奇崛，成如容易却艰辛。”正可移评此篇。
Zhang Ji (c. 766 – c. 830), courtesy name Wenchang, was a celebrated mid-Tang poet, a native of Wu commandery who was born in Wujiang, Hezhou (modern He County, Anhui). Known together with Wang Jian as 'Zhang and Wang of the yuefu style,' he served as Vice Director of the Waterways Bureau and as Director of the Imperial College, and is therefore often called 'Zhang of the Waterways' or 'Zhang of the College.' This poem was most likely written while he was a sojourner in Luoyang. On an autumn day, as the wind rose and the leaves thinned, the lonely traveler took up his brush to write home but could not decide where to begin. When the messenger was about to leave, he unsealed the letter and looked it over again, afraid a word or two had been left out. The poem never once uses the words 'sorrow' or 'longing'; it merely takes a chain of psychological and physical moments — seeing the autumn wind, wanting to write, fearing it is not enough, opening the letter again — and in doing so expresses the deepest homesickness of a traveler. Wang Anshi of the Song dynasty, in 'Inscribed on Zhang the Director's Poems,' wrote: 'What seems most ordinary is in truth most extraordinary; what reads as effortless was in fact achieved with toil.' The remark fits this poem perfectly.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。