马诗二十三首·其五
大漠沙如雪，
燕山月似钩。
何当金络脑，
快走踏清秋。
The desert sands gleam white as snow;
The moon o'er Yan Mountain hangs like a bow.
O when will a golden bridle deck me,
To gallop through clear autumn free?
逐句注释
大漠沙如雪，
大漠：广阔的沙漠，此处指北方边塞之地。以『雪』喻沙，是明喻，既写出沙粒在月色下的洁白，又渲染出边塞的苦寒清冷，为全诗铺就苍凉壮阔的背景。
Dashmo (the vast desert) refers to the northern frontier. The simile 'sand like snow' compares the desert sands under moonlight to snow—whitening the sands while evoking the bitter cold of the frontier, setting a bleak yet grand backdrop.
燕山月似钩。
燕山：即燕然山，泛指北方边塞山岭。以『钩』喻新月，弯月如钩；『钩』又暗合兵器（吴钩），由景生情，自然引出从军报国之思。此句与前句对仗工整，一沙一月、一雪一钩，意象清冷而锋利。
Yan Mountain stands for the northern frontier ranges. The crescent moon is likened to a 'hook' (gou), a simile that also subtly echoes the curved blade of a weapon (wu gou), turning scenery into a stir for military ambition. The line forms a neat parallel with the previous one: sand and moon, snow and hook—cold, sharp imagery.
何当金络脑，
何当：何时才能。金络脑：用黄金装饰的马笼头，代指骏马受到主人的珍视与重用。此处以反问句抒怀，表面写马盼望戴上金络头，实则寄托诗人渴望被朝廷赏识、委以重任的心愿，属托物言志。
Hedang means 'when can it be?' Jin luo nao is a gold-decorated horse bridle, symbolizing a fine steed cherished and put to good use. The rhetorical question voices the horse's longing for the golden bridle, while allegorically expressing the poet's own hope for recognition and high office—an instance of 'entrusting one's aspiration to an object.'
快走踏清秋。
快走：畅快地奔驰。清秋：清爽的秋日，亦暗指边塞秋高马肥的用兵之时。此句写骏马一旦得用，便要在秋高气爽中奋蹄疾驰，喻指诗人若得机遇，必将驰骋疆场、建功立业。全诗借马自喻，言简而志远。
Kuai zou means to gallop freely; qing qiu is the crisp autumn season, which also hints at the frontier's prime campaigning time when horses are fat and the air is clear. The line imagines the steed, once employed, racing across the autumn plains—figuring the poet's readiness to serve and win merit if given the chance. The whole poem uses the horse as a self-portrait: terse in words, lofty in ambition.
今日赏析
本诗是李贺《马诗二十三首》中的第五首，属咏物言志之作。李贺才华横溢，却因父名『晋肃』与『进士』之『进』同音，被以避讳为由剥夺了应进士考试的资格，仕途困顿，仅做过奉礼郎一类小官。中唐时期藩镇割据、边患频仍，有志之士多渴望投身边塞、建功立业。诗人借骏马自况，写马之被困与渴望驰骋，正是抒写自己怀才不遇、期盼被朝廷重用、一展抱负的愤懑与热望。
This is the fifth of Li He's twenty-three 'Horse Poems,' a set of works that use the horse as a vehicle for personal aspiration. Though immensely talented, Li He was barred from the imperial examination on the pretext of naming taboo—his father's name 'Jinsu' shared a sound with 'jin' in 'jinshi' (the examination degree)—and so his official career was stunted, amounting to no more than minor posts such as Court Ritual Officer. In the mid-Tang era, with regional warlords dividing the realm and frontier conflicts frequent, ambitious men longed to serve on the borders and win merit. In depicting a steed pent up yet yearning to gallop, the poet presents a self-portrait: his grievance at unrecognized talent and his burning hope to be employed by the court and fulfill his ambitions.
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