夜泊牛渚怀古
牛渚西江夜，
青天无片云。
登舟望秋月，
空忆谢将军。
余亦能高咏，
斯人不可闻。
明朝挂帆席，
枫叶落纷纷。
At Niuzhu by the West River, night has come;
In the blue sky no single cloud is seen.
I board my boat and gaze at the autumn moon;
In vain I think of General Xie's gracious heart.
I too can chant high verse with voice profound,
But such a one no more may hear my song.
Tomorrow at dawn I shall hoist my sail and go,
While maple leaves in swirling drifts fall thick and slow.
逐句注释
牛渚西江夜，
牛渚：山名，在今安徽马鞍山采石矶一带，临长江。西江：古时对长江流经今安徽、江苏一段的称呼，此处指牛渚附近的长江。夜：点明泊舟时间。首句以地名、江名、夜色并置，营造出空旷寂寥的羁旅氛围。
Niuzhu is a hill by the Yangtze near modern Caishi, Ma'anshan. West River is an old name for the Yangtze stretch in this region. The line sets place, river, and night, creating a quiet, lonely mood of travel.
青天无片云。
片云：一小片云。此句极写秋夜天空澄澈明净，万里无云，为下文望月怀古作铺垫。以景语写空明之境，也暗含诗人内心的清寂。
Not a single fleck of cloud: the autumn sky is utterly clear. This vivid scenic detail prepares for the moon-gazing and historical reflection that follow, while its emptiness subtly mirrors the poet's solitude.
登舟望秋月，
登舟：走上船。望秋月：仰望秋夜明月。月在中国古典诗歌中常触发怀古、思乡、怀人之情。此句写诗人因望月而进入历史联想，是全诗由景入情的转折。
The poet boards the boat and gazes at the autumn moon. In classical Chinese poetry the moon often stirs memory, homesickness, and historical reflection. This line marks the turn from scenery to feeling.
空忆谢将军。
空忆：徒然追忆。谢将军：指东晋谢尚，曾为镇西将军。相传谢尚镇守牛渚时，月夜闻袁宏在舟中高吟咏史诗，大为赏识，袁宏由此得名。诗人望月而忆谢尚，既怀古，也暗含对知音难遇的感慨。
In vain I recall General Xie: this refers to Xie Shang of the Eastern Jin, who was said to have heard the poor scholar Yuan Hong reciting poetry by moonlight at Niuzhu and recognized his talent. The allusion expresses both historical nostalgia and regret that such a discerning patron is rare.
余亦能高咏，
余：我。高咏：高声吟诵诗文。诗人以袁宏自比，表明自己也有才华与抱负，能作高妙之诗。语气中有自信，也有不甘沉沦的傲气。
I too can chant high verse: the poet compares himself to Yuan Hong, asserting that he also possesses talent and aspiration. The tone blends self-confidence with proud dissatisfaction at being unrecognized.
斯人不可闻。
斯人：此人，指谢尚。不可闻：不能再听到，意即再也遇不到这样赏识人才的知音。此句由怀古转入自伤，感叹知音难逢、盛世难再。
Such a one can no longer be heard of: the person is Xie Shang, the discerning patron. The line turns from historical remembrance to personal sorrow, lamenting that understanding friends and generous patrons are hard to meet.
明朝挂帆席，
明朝：明天早晨。挂帆席：升起船帆，指启程远行。此句写天明即须离去，漂泊无定的羁旅生活仍在继续，情绪由怀古转回现实。
Tomorrow morning I shall hoist the sail: the poet must set out again at dawn. The line returns from historical reflection to the restless reality of travel and separation.
枫叶落纷纷。
纷纷：众多而杂乱的样子。此句以景结情，写秋日枫叶纷飞飘落，渲染萧瑟、惆怅的氛围。诗人不直说愁，而愁思自见于枫叶飘零之中，余味悠长。
Maple leaves fall in swirling profusion. The poem closes with scenery rather than explicit emotion: the drifting autumn leaves intensify the desolate, wistful mood and leave the sorrow lingering beyond the last line.
今日赏析
此诗为李白漫游江南、夜泊牛渚时所作。牛渚在今安徽马鞍山采石矶附近，是长江边著名古渡。东晋时谢尚曾在此赏识寒士袁宏，成为识才爱才的佳话。李白一生渴望遇合明主、施展抱负，却屡遭失意。当他月夜泊舟牛渚，面对澄澈秋空，自然想起谢尚与袁宏的故事，于是借怀古以抒写自己怀才不遇、知音难遇的感慨。
This poem was written when Li Bai, traveling through the Jiangnan region, moored his boat overnight at Niuzhu, a famous old ferry by the Yangtze near modern Caishi, Ma'anshan. In the Eastern Jin, Xie Shang was said to have recognized the talent of the poor scholar Yuan Hong there, creating a celebrated story of patronage. Li Bai longed throughout his life for recognition and the chance to realize his ambitions, yet repeatedly met with disappointment. On this moonlit night at Niuzhu, facing the clear autumn sky, he naturally recalled Xie Shang and Yuan Hong and used the historical allusion to voice his own sense of unrecognized talent and the rarity of true understanding.
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