客至
舍南舍北皆春水，但见群鸥日日来。
花径不曾缘客扫，蓬门今始为君开。
盘飧市远无兼味，樽酒家贫只旧醅。
肯与邻翁相对饮，隔篱呼取尽余杯。
North and south of my hut, spring waters overflow;
Only the flocks of gulls come daily to and fro.
My flowery path was never swept for any guest;
My wicker gate opens today at your behest.
The market's far, so my poor dish has but one taste;
My wine is stale, for in my home no wealth is placed.
Would you mind if I ask my old neighbor to share?
Across the fence I'll call him to drain the cups there.
逐句注释
舍南舍北皆春水，但见群鸥日日来。
开篇写草堂环境：屋舍南北被春水环绕，只见群鸥日日飞来。"皆"字写水势之满，"但见"二字暗含清寂——无人来访，唯有鸥鸟相伴。《列子》有"海上之人有好鸥鸟者"之典，后人以"鸥盟""鸥鸟忘机"喻与世无争、心无机巧，此处既写实景，又暗喻诗人幽居闲适、门无车马。两句以景起兴，为下文"客至"之喜作反衬：平日门可罗雀，今日贵客忽来，喜出望外之情自见。
The poem opens with the setting of Du Fu's thatched cottage: spring floodwater rings the house on north and south, and only flocks of gulls visit day after day. "All" conveys how brimming the water is; "only see" implies quiet solitude—no human callers, just gulls. The gull alludes to the ancient tale of the man who loved sea gulls (a symbol of a mind free of scheming and of a hermit's life), so the imagery is both realistic and symbolic. The contrast between the usual emptiness and today's rare visitor prepares the delight of the following lines.
花径不曾缘客扫，蓬门今始为君开。
千古名对。"花径"与"蓬门"写居处之幽朴，"不曾"与"今始"、"客"与"君"两两对照，形成今昔、疏密、常与特的反差。上句说：这条花径从未因客人而打扫过；下句说：这扇柴门今日才头一遭为您打开。"始"字极重，把诗人平日寂寞无客、今日因君一至而欣然动作的情意全盘托出。对仗工整而语意流动，是杜诗"以家常语写深挚情"的典范。
A celebrated parallel couplet. "Flowery path" and "wicker gate" render the seclusion and plainness of his dwelling, while "never" versus "today for the first time," and "a guest" versus "you," create contrasts of past and present, of habitual solitude and this special occasion. The upper line says the path has never once been swept for a caller; the lower says the gate opens today for the first time—for you. The word "for the first time" carries great weight, releasing all the poet's long loneliness and his sudden joy at this visit. Neatly parallel yet flowing, it exemplifies Du Fu's art of expressing deep feeling in the plainest domestic language.
盘飧市远无兼味，樽酒家贫只旧醅。
转入待客之实。"盘飧"指盘中菜肴，"兼味"即两种以上的味道；因集市遥远，买不到好菜；因家境清贫，樽中只有未滤过的旧酒（"醅"为未滤之酒）。两句以自谦之语写歉疚之意，愈见待客之诚。虽是家常絮语，却无一字虚设，"远"与"贫"点出处境，"无"与"只"写尽窘迫中的热肠，真情反因质朴而愈厚。
The poet turns to the actual serving of the guest. "Dish" refers to the food on the plate; "mixed flavors" means more than one course. Because the market is far, no fine food can be bought; because the household is poor, the cup holds only unfiltered old wine. The self-deprecating tone reveals his apology and his sincerity. Though it reads like homely chatter, not a word is idle: "far" and "poor" set the circumstances, "none" and "only" show warmheartedness within hardship—the plainer the words, the deeper the feeling.
肯与邻翁相对饮，隔篱呼取尽余杯。
结句最见性情与真率。诗人不嫌酒薄菜疏，反兴致勃勃地问客人：可愿意让我请邻家老翁来一同对饮？说罢便隔着篱笆高声呼唤，请他把剩下的酒喝干。"肯"是征询口吻，见出对客人的尊重；"隔篱呼取"是动作与声音并出的动态画面，把乡村生活的淳朴、宾主之间的不拘形迹、酒酣耳热的热闹气氛一笔写尽。全诗由静到动，由清寂到喧腾，收束得亲切自然，余味悠然。
The closing couplet best shows the poet's character and easy candor. Undeterred by thin wine and plain food, he eagerly asks his guest: would you mind if I invite my old neighbor to drink with us? Then he calls across the fence for him to come and finish the remaining cups. "Would you mind" is a polite inquiry showing respect for the guest; "calling across the fence" is a vivid picture blending motion and sound. In one stroke it captures rustic simplicity, the easy intimacy between host and guest, and the cheerful warmth of a wine-mellowed gathering. The poem moves from stillness to motion, from quiet solitude to lively clamor, closing with natural warmth and lingering charm.
今日赏析
此诗作于唐肃宗上元二年（761年）春，杜甫时居成都浣花溪畔草堂。诗题下原有自注："喜崔明府相过。""明府"是唐人对县令的尊称，崔明府其人名字已不可考，当是杜甫在成都结识的地方官。杜甫历经安史之乱，辗转流寓入蜀，卜居草堂，生活虽清苦而暂得安宁。草堂临水，门庭冷落，平日唯鸥鸟往来。此日崔县令忽然来访，诗人喜不自胜，遂以最朴素的家常笔调写下迎客、待客、邀邻共饮的全过程，不见藻饰而情意拳拳，是杜诗中写田园交游、人伦温情的名篇。
The poem was written in the spring of 761, the second year of the Shangyuan reign of Emperor Suzong, when Du Fu was living in the Thatched Cottage by the Huanhua Stream in Chengdu. The original title carried a note: "Joy at Magistrate Cui's Visit." "Magistrate" (mingfu) was an honorific for a county magistrate; the man's personal name is lost, but he was evidently a local official Du Fu had come to know in Chengdu. After the turmoil of the An Lushan Rebellion, Du Fu had wandered into Sichuan and settled in the cottage, where life, though poor, was for a time peaceful. The cottage stood by the water with few callers—only gulls came daily. When Magistrate Cui unexpectedly arrived, the poet was overjoyed and recorded the whole occasion—greeting the guest, serving him, calling the neighbor to join—in the plainest domestic idiom. Free of ornament yet full of affection, it is a famous piece among Du Fu's poems of rural life and human warmth.
每日唐诗精选唐代经典作品，提供原文、英文翻译、逐句注释与赏析，适合古诗词学习、双语阅读和日常诗意积累。